BlonsteinJL. Control of swellng in boxing injuries. Practitioner 1969;203-206 Buccal or sublingual delivery. Use of buccal papaya resulted in less swelling, less hematoma.

BlonsteinJL. The use of buccal Varidase in boxing injuries. Practitioner 1967;198:547 Cuts took 1/2 time to heal.

Cohen A, Goldman J. Bromelains therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. Pennsylvania Med J 1964;67:27&endash;30. Antiinflammatory properties of bromelain for arthritis

Cirelli MG Bromelain use in Arthritis . Clinical Medicine With bromelain arthritis, muscle and back pain was improved

Craig RP. The quantitative evaluation of the use of oral proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of sprained ankles. Injury 1975; 6:313 Ankles healed faster and with less pain on enzymes.

Dietrich RE. Oral proteolytic enzymes in the treatment of athletic injuries. Penn. Med J. 1965;68:35 Use of protease enzymes reduced injury time for acute sprains, contousions and strains.

Felton G.E. Does kinin released by pineapple stem of bromelain stimulate production of prostagalandin like compounds? Hawaii Journal of Medicine 36(2):39 1977 Bromelain use reduces coughs and bronchitis and relieves sinus symptoms.

Gaby AR. The story of bromelain. Nutr Healing May 1995:3,4,11. Use for sinus pain, blocked bronchial passages, asthma and allergy.

Grossan, M. Help your Patients Have a Healthy Vacation. Consultant Magazine.April 1982, 22:4 pp256-258 papaya enzyme can be used to insure a trouble free dive trip.

Grossan M. Care of the Scuba Diver. Osteopathic Annals October 1976 The use of papaya enzyme taken via buccal route for blocked ears.

Grossan M. Enhancing the Mucociliary System. Advance for Respiratory Care Practitioners. April 17, 1995. 8:12-13 For chest congestion due to thick mucus, the proteolytic enzyme can aid significantly.

Grossan M. Office Measurement of Nasal Mucociliary Clearance. English: Otolaryngology 1994, Vol 2 Chapter 7 Because the mucus is thinned by the enzyjes, nasal and sinus mucociliary movement is enhanced.

Holt HT. Carica papaya as ancillary therapy for athletic injuries. Curr Ther Res 1969;11:621 Papain tablets showed a significantly better than expected recovery in sprains, strains, contusions. Best results when started immediately after injury.

Howatt RCL. The effect of bromelain therapy on episiotomy wounds. J. Ostet, Gynaecol. Br. Common. 1972;79:951 Reduction of post operative pain and swelling occured in 1,788 patients.

Ito C, Yamaguchi K. Anti -inflammatory actions of proteases, bromelain, trypsin, and their mixed preparation. Nippon Yakurigaku Zasshi 1979 April 20; 75(3).227 - 37 Mixed preparations showed anti-inflammatory actions indicating synergism. Inhibition against edema. Inhibition against histamine induced vascular permeability. Anti-inflammatory action seems best against acute exudative inflammation.

Kelly GS. Bromelain: a literature review and discussion of its therapeutic applications. Alt Med Rev 1996;1:243&endash;57 Use for sinusitis, joint and muscle swelling and to aid in effectiveness of antibiotics.

Lotz-Winter H On the pharmacologiy of bromelain. Planta Medica.56 (3):249 1970 Bromelain lowers inflammation quickly.

Majima Y, Inagaki M. The effect of an orally administered proteolytic enzyme on the elasticity and viscosity of nasal mucus. Archives of Oto-Rhino-Layngology 1988 244:335-359

Martin GJ. Bromelain pineapple proteases with anti-edema activivity. Exper Med Surg 1962;20:228-48. Reduction of extra cellular edema.

Masson M. Bromelain in the treatment of blunt injuries to the musculoskeletal system. Fortschr Med 1995;113(19):303&endash;6. Treatment for injuries to muscles and joints

Metzig C. Bromelain proteases reduce human platelet aggregation in vitro, adhesion to bovine endothelial cells and thrombus formation. In Vivo, 13(1):7-12 1999 Jan-Feb Proteases are shown to have antithrombolytic activity and is helpful for thrombosis and inflammation.

Ryan RE. Evaluation of bromelains in the treatment of acute sinusitis. Headache 1967;7:13-7 When used for sinus pain, enzymes were effective in relieving sinus pain.

Schafer A, Adelman B. Plasma inhibition of platelet function and of arachidonic acid metabolism. J Clin Invest 1985;75:456&endash;61. Action on platelet aggregation is one of the antiinflammatory actions of bromelain/papain

Seltzer AP. Minimizing post-operative edema and ecchymosis by the use of an oral enzyme preparaton bromelain. EENT Monthly 1962;41:813-7 Reduction of hematoma, swelling and pain post op.

SeltzerAP. Adjunctive use of bromelains in sinusitis. EENT Monthly 1967;46:1281-8. Less pain and faster recovery when enzymes were used combined with other sinusitis treatment

Taub SJ. The use of Ananase in sinusitis-a study of 60 patients. EENT Monthly 1966;45: 96-8 Less post operative swelling in patients given enzymes pre op.

Taussig,SJ. The mechanism of the physiological action of Bromelain . Med Hypoth 1980;6:99-104 Bromelain acts to reduce inflammation.

Taussig SJ. Bromelain: a proteolytic enzyme and its clinical application. Hiroshima J Med Sci, 24:185 1975 Sep Use of bromelain in postoperative care, wounds and thromaboplebitis

Tsomides J. Controlled evaluation of oral chymotrypsin-trypsin treatment of injuries to the head and face. Clin. Med 1969;76:40 Protease administration was effective in reducing signs of swellng and bruising in traumatic facial injuries

Walker JA. Attenuation of contraction-induced skeletal muscle injury by bromelain. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 24(1):20-5 1992 Jan Experiments showed bromelain reduced muscle injury.

White RR Bioavailability of 125I bromelain after oral administration to rats. Biopharm Drug Dispos, 9(4):397-403 1988 Jul-Aug There is less than 40 percent of product available from oral administration